Regulations – The formal instructions that government issues for implementing laws. Implementation – The process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending.Īdministrative discretion – Authority given by Congress to the Federal bureaucracy to use reasonable judgment in implementing the laws. Hatch Act – Federal statute barring Federal employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) – Agency that administers civil service laws, rules, and regulations. Merit system – A system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage. Spoils system – A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends. Senior Executive Service – Established by Congress in 1978 as a flexible, mobile corps of senior career executives who worked closely with presidential appointees to manage government. Government corporation – A government agency that operates like a business corporation, created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program. Independent regulatory commission – A government agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by Congress. Independent agency – A government entity that is independent of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
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